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Whether the insulation of the soil moisture more worse the insulation of the soil with which factors?

I have also read on this issue of “Soil Science”, textbooks did not directly state that it is always quite understand.

Ideal volume fraction of the soil components are: air accounted for 20% ~ 30%, moisture 20% ~ 30%, 5% organic matter, minerals accounted for 45%. When too much water, the air would be squeezed, resulting in decreased soil temperature, soil oxygen, affecting plant growth.

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What is the Andean mountains of the Pacific Plate and the Americas, made of plate collision or by the Antarctic Plate and the Americas, made of plate collision?

Hello. Strictly speaking, the Andes are those ska – Cocos Plate and the formation of the Inter-American Forum on collision squeezed. If you are a college entrance examination candidates, you can answer: the Andes by the Forum and the Inter-American Forum of Antarctica collided with extruded shape.

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1, North China’s why more windy weather in the spring?

2, the wind rose diagram how to interpret?

A:

Spring frequent troughs of low pressure in this area, whenever the trough of low pressure from west to east through, often occurs before the trough 5, 6 or so southerly wind, trough appeared after a stronger northerly wind the wind. Winds from office Huang Chen blocks out the sun, the formation of sandstorm weather. North China an average of 5-15 days of sandstorm days, mostly concentrated in the spring. Wind erosion is not only the ground, and increased air dryness, deepening drought level.

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Deformity of the urban economy in developing countries
Author: Yang Ke-Source: 本站 原创 Hits: 1020 Update Time :2008-4-25

“Developed and developing countries is different because the process of urbanization in developed countries is due to agricultural modernization and rural surplus labor force there, while the developing countries, rapid population growth, urban economy caused deformities, and economic development are incompatible.” , may I ask, “city urban economies deformities What do you mean?” Whether to use an example to illustrate. Thanks!

A: Look at the following introduction.

Developing countries currently face the problem of urbanization is far greater than in developed countries have been much more serious problems encountered. In 2004, two U.S. scholars in the study of urban conditions around the world, from cities in developing countries found “a number of dark zone”, that is, the West Bank and Gaza, Sudan and the African Great Lakes region, semi-permanent camps, home to tens of millions of displaced refugees, the formation of various kinds of slums. Where there is no chance of life, without any hope, self-evolve into a “country” and become fertile ground for unrest. While in Latin America, some countries, half of a city luxury of the rich area, the other half is dilapidated, congested slums, known as the “Latin American disease.” The emergence of such problems, one important reason is that their highly urbanized with a passive, forced sex, rather than endogenous, in harmony with economic development, in particular, the lack of effective, fair and open society system. The reason why many people pouring into cities is not entirely driven by urban economic development, but rather a war or other reasons caused by the decline in rural areas. From this point of view, statistics show the rapid urbanization in many developing countries is not a gospel, but indicate a greater dilemma.

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Three years ago, has been appraised as a revolutionary, disruptive high school curriculum reform in China, in the hometown of Confucius, Faren. Qilu earth more than 190 million high school students and more than 10 million high school teacher’s fate turn the result of the new curriculum reform. Good schools, a number of conditions, in the reform work hard in practice, its accumulated experience bit by bit, so that the New Curriculum Reform valuable brilliant flashes; there are also some schools waiting to see start to grope in the test, they are confusing and there are all kinds of new curriculum reform suited. Upper secondary education in the college entrance examination is still under the premise of the final evaluation methods, their efforts to find a new curriculum reform, and the best balance point between the entrance examination.

Three years later, in 2007 there have been significant changes in college entrance examination patterns, most notably the addition of “1″ – “basic capability” test. Art in the “1″ in possession of a certain proportion. Faced with this new situation, without warning, and no experience to talk about than other pro forma more severe discipline is even more arduous task. So now, we do know ourselves if it is particularly important. Here is my New Curriculum Reform in the face of the context of a new entrance model, made in the status quo thinking and exploration of teaching and pro forma so that they could be targeted teaching and Notes.

First, we need to first clearly see the current high school art class taught in this region the status quo.

While the new curriculum reform of the chant shouted for a long time, art classes have also been walking in a “mandatory,” the popularity of the road, but because not included in the entrance examination subjects, there is no of schools, teachers and students deserve. While we are aware of the importance of this discipline, it is still so quick results, but also examination-oriented education in the larger environment of helplessness.

Therefore, this subject in general education classes in high school class is normally very small, most of the opening arrangements for high school art class is generally two weeks, a lesson for the class, that class every other week, due to longer intervals of time, knowledge of memorizing and understanding of the system can not do. There was a student told me: This class seriously or not seriously on the result is the same as the time interval for too long, too easy to forget, say, college entrance examination does not test ah! And students at the school where teachers have such an idea in a positive way to get to the bottom is difficult to achieve the ultimate purpose of the New Curriculum Reform to explore and practice new teaching models and new teaching methods.

In addition, because high school art appreciation class to open not long ago, the exploration of the new curriculum reform is still at the exploratory stage, to learn from the successful experience of too little, therefore, teaching a lot of problems naturally arise. Such as: are preoccupied with imparting knowledge, neglect of teaching skills and classroom teaching methods of research and exploration. Under the old model of educational concepts and teaching is still the mainstream of the larger environment, teachers in teaching is usually only scripted on the materials on the teaching materials, teaching methods do not pay attention to, regardless of the link between academic knowledge, not to talk about creative thinking of students form of training. Even fewer teachers because of class, in order to keep things moving along, but the book’s content to students to enable students to draw out memories merely have to go. If only a few names back, or work is to improve the quality of the curriculum will not have to reform. Obviously this is only the surface quality education, but increased the burden of students simply contrary to the New Curriculum Reform in mind.

In addition, our students spend most of the year in the school’s classrooms, social, television, Internet access is too little knowledge of the students usually come only from textbooks, from the mouth to the teachers.

Summing up all the point of view, we have a serious lack of high school seniors who, as an ordinary high school graduates should possess the most basic of social life to adapt to the basic knowledge, basic skills, learning ability and scientific and humanistic quality. New Curriculum Reform in the context of the college entrance examination is bound to have to be able to reflect the new New Curriculum Reform. Our current situation is obvious from the ultimate purpose of the new curriculum reform too far.

Second, we must first in-depth understanding of the new college entrance examination in the context of curriculum reform of basic capabilities, especially fine arts disciplines, test requirements.

High school art curriculum is an integral part of the curriculum. It is for improving the overall quality of the students to develop the students aesthetic ability to develop students innovative spirit and practical ability have a positive effect. New Curriculum for high school art textbook re-planning for the five series, the nine modules. Namely, art appreciation, design, painting, sculpture, computer art, photography, calligraphy, seal carving and technology. Encourage students to feel, experience, participation, inquiring, thinking and cooperative learning activities such as on the basis of further study of basic knowledge and skills in art, experience art learning process and methods conducive to the formation of personal and social emotions, attitudes and values .

“Basic capability” test refers to the new curriculum to high school graduates should possess the most basic of social life to adapt to the basic knowledge, basic skills, learning ability and scientific and humanistic quality examined. Dealing with technology, sports and health, the arts, a comprehensive practical activities, culture and society, science and the six fields; is the knowledge, skills and literacy levels of the three interrelated composition. According to proposition guiding ideology, the “basic capability” test has six characteristics: 1, basic 2, integrated 3, 4-oriented, diversity 5, open 6 times.

Proficiency test in basic occupy a certain proportion of the art of examining naturally also have these six characteristics. Therefore, the art of teaching is not only in the third year period according to the status quo, according to New Curriculum, but also to refer to the “basic capability” test of the six characteristics, and carry out relevant art teaching and pro forma.

Third, the status quo, and entrance requirements, seriously explore the classroom teaching and Notes.

Art teaching and pro forma, we must first change is the concept of teachers, the saying goes “will bear, bear a nest, soldiers, bears, bears one.” The concept of teachers does not change, will eventually lead to complete failure of all students. “With the soldiers will be transferred, without exception, is available in person”, the students is not good, first and foremost the responsibility of teachers. Therefore, teachers must be a sense of lifelong learning, has maintained an open mind, in practice, learning, and constantly for their own classroom research, reflection, eclectic to classroom teaching practice and exploration. And because of the reality where students are not able to reach a wider social environment and more information, so the task of teachers is particularly difficult. Shift in attitudes of teachers is the ability to successfully carry out the premise of teaching and Notes guaranteed.

Second, is to many of the concepts and methods applied to the exploration of teaching. Based on the actual situation with the “basic capability” test features to make our response.

First, the students from the current status of knowledge and ability, it is clear the fundamental subjects of particular importance.

High school graduates should possess the most basic of social life to adapt to the basic knowledge, basic skills, learning ability, practical ability and emotional attitudes and values. The basics of our high school students who are still relatively solid, and their emotional attitudes and values can also enjoy the classes given in daily contact indoctrination. But the basic skills and practical ability is relatively weak in some. This requires practical training in order to solve this problem, therefore, it is imperative that teachers must change their concepts, to change the past, appreciate the lessons taught in the classroom model of the pure.

In addition, the New Curriculum emphasis, teachers are partners in student learning, guide and participant in the teaching process is teacher-student exchanges, joint development of the interactive process. This is also the basic guarantee for achieving discipline.

According to the guiding ideology of our proposition we can see, the “basic capability” test involves very broad. While not inscrutable, but the mechanical rote learning is simply difficult to cope with the training. The test stress from daily life and school life in the selection of materials and content, focusing on the basic issues, social, composite and openness. Or whether it is art or other subjects, are not directly examine the students the knowledge and memory ability, but through the provision of new materials or problem situation from the grasp of the knowledge and skills transfer perspective of examining the basic competencies of students with literacy, rather than skills, as would knowledge to examine. Skills, the subject of the design disciplines are requiring students to possess a certain degree of practical experience and a certain degree of skill training, otherwise it is difficult to understand the subject material and situations, it is difficult to solve the given problem. Over the past teachers “a statement” “Man Tangguan” approach is only suitable for rote textbook writing. Can not really achieve the true master of knowledge.

So teachers as partners in student learning, guide and participants must focus on experience and achievement in order to solve this problem. Because art is a focus on experience and practical subjects. Therefore, we in the general high school art teaching process, we must strive to appreciate and experience, appreciation combined with hands-on practice, to fine arts students practical ability to guide the students to hands-on practice, in art activities to raise the idea, creativity, modeling, performance, design and fabrication capabilities.

A result of classroom time is short, so I usually try to enable students to memorize the concept of reducing the time, set aside some time to get involved, through practice to enhance their beauty and the concept of understanding and appreciation of all kinds. For example, I talk about when compared to the East-West perspective, I will leave time for students, with different perspectives approach the performance of their new home. According to their own preferences and to express their own colored mood at the moment. In this way, students will be in a positive thought and expression, understanding of perspective, but also tried to express the psychology of color, the color has also been a deeper understanding and awareness. Also achieved the skills practice. In addition, I also paid attention to the lectures of art concepts and art through the use of terms and guide students to the arts development of the concept of change and its relationship with the relationship between creative practice; to encourage students in art appreciation and technique exercises and creative practice, the use of art term thinking, communication, discussion, deepen their understanding of art terminology, improve ability to apply it.

Second, the face of new entrance model, knowledge integration is an urgent need.

We are from the 2007 “basic capability” test-like questions can see that both disciplines within the comprehensive, integrated hot issues, or different disciplines, a comprehensive, all tell us is not mechanical integration is by no means put together, but between the various disciplines of organic penetration. If the only mechanical piece together, even if the new curriculum reform must not be real reform. The starting point is the integration of the knowledge, skills and social life in some concrete and organic link with the aim of through a multi-disciplinary knowledge and ability to interact each other license to interpret the natural or social phenomena, to solve practical problems.

In this way, our classroom is also facing a new revolution, a new task – must be able to do the non-art fields and disciplines of knowledge of nature to infiltrate into the classroom.

Or, some people may think that this will erase the boundaries between disciplines, however, this is the basic capabilities of the characteristics of college entrance examination and self-discipline arts in New Curriculum requirements.

In fact, the art education is to promote the intellectual development to foster innovative capacity, an important means of ideological and moral education, not inconsistent with other disciplines. Also can be done to promote each other knowing each other. So, faced with an urgent need to integrate the status quo, and art classroom to their own needs, I try to put music into the art classroom. Music has a strong emotional contagion role in art class in music education can be cited accordingly, will be better assisted teaching. For example, in appreciation class, we create a romantic while listening to Beethoven’s music, aside to let the students themselves to analyze the romantic appreciation of admire paintings and sculptures representative of the classic works, the same passion, the same sensibility. Music is the melody in the rhythm of painting, music, painting in the spirit is the spirit, so that students emotionally resonate, not only enhanced the children’s aesthetic taste, but also the organic combination of musical knowledge. The modernist painting in my review when it is first put some jazz or rock, and then let the students according to music, not limited to, the performance of techniques to hear everything. Finally come to enjoy Mondrian’s “Broadway Jazz” and Kandinsky’s paintings about music, students naturally understand the abstract painting, and impressive.

Of course, I shall attempt to lesson content is also connecting with other disciplines. For example, review the history of the world’s second-class art sculpture “Discus Thrower” when associated with sports and health, the aesthetic of ancient Greece and ancient Greek history, culture and the prevailing economic, geographic well on the Olympic history and the knowledge of the natural hot spots were out, I usually allow students to collect and then discusses the concluding remarks county, finally, I would like to add. Students naturally right knowledge impressive.

In addition, I also tried talking about Chinese painting and literature combine penetration, dissemination of traditional culture and ideology, and mobilizing students to develop thinking, imagination, and cultivate a noble aesthetic sensibility. Explanations of modern sculpture in China, also seek to develop students virtually patriotic sentiment and establish a love life, and create a better life passion. Each lesson has a knowledge of the relevant contact.

Art class, we attach such importance to the linkages between disciplines, it seems a waste of time for learning of this subject, but it is precisely the ability to test the basic features of demand. And it is also very beneficial to students in the creation of divergent ways of thinking. That affect their thinking or looking at things after the methods and results.

From the perspective of integrated curriculum, art and common sense to explore a combination of learning activities designed to break the teaching interdisciplinary closed state, the students placed in diverse situations, the more effective solution to the issue of interdisciplinary knowledge, fragmented and useful the student to establish a reasonable knowledge structure, master scientific approach to boost their own problems are identified, problem-solving skills, stimulate the inquisitive mind, to develop a realistic attitude. As the “I” Wen said: “Teach One to fish, rather teach him to fish”: and the students learned to use various forms to express what they see, feel, think, strengthen the comprehensive ability to express. Has also mobilized the enthusiasm of the students so that they become passive learning to active learning. This learning process is also happy.

In order to assist the integration of classroom knowledge, our school has set up a weekly study group out of a very distinctive tabloid published by the teachers to identify hot topics, from teachers and pupils use the Internet, in order to find different areas of the topic links and described. For example, one issue of the theme: One World, One Dream. And around this one theme, we make full use of the Internet, search out the relevant knowledge, it can examine the sports knowledge, sports and moral habits, the birthplace of ancient Greek history and culture and development issues, and thus can also examine the sports complex the design, posters design, the management of traffic routes during the competition, communication reports the theme of the design, souvenir design and development of classical music and the Olympic Games and the calendar year, the theme song and the author introduced the Olympic Games and the Chinese economy, the Olympic Games and China environmental protection, and thus Green Olympics concept of green food mark identification, design and presided over the opening ceremony, intellectual property and many other aspects of knowledge and ability, thus bringing the sports and health, culture and society, art, technology integration and comprehensive practical activities such as a theme in the same situation carried out multi-angle examined. So, “a practice week,” has become student’s “Kaleidoscope.” Like the different things in various fields and knowledge to the students described more than a knowledge of different aspects, but also a way of thinking.

Therefore, the art of teaching art classes can not be limited to knowledge, but should have knowledge of the expansion and academic contacts, because this is not only the students of new learning methods and ways of thinking, but also the basic proficiency requirements.

3, in the new curriculum reform in the context of the new college entrance examination, which will focus on the candidates propositions designed multi-examine thinking and innovative ability, the answer must have a certain degree of openness and diversity. The contents of examination papers must be pressed to be close to the candidate’s daily life and school life, reflecting the changing times, reflect the spirit of the times. So, we try to put the proposition openness, diversity and the characteristics of the times the integration of learning in the knowledge of which natural infiltration. For example, on the Olympic-themed “week, a practice” where the relevant knowledge.

Finally, we must attach importance to the teaching tools and resources make full use of the study and teaching methods. Allocation of adequate resources and good teaching and learning teaching methods will enable us to have a multiplier effect.

First, we make full use of modern tools and online teaching resources for art education. For example, with regard to all areas of Olympic-related knowledge, we allow students to directly face the network to search, this search, the process of preservation, but also to information and knowledge to penetrate into the art classroom. The knowledge and search of the finishing process is to develop students self-learning process. There are paintings on the canvas like a strange species, we are also able to achieve through the audio-visual presentation of cognitive outcome.

Second, focus on the creation and collective cooperation to create a combination. Usually we require students to make a personal work of art unique insight, using different materials, tools and methods unique creation, but also some art learning activities, such as the city’s image design, school website design, you need to play a collective the wisdom and strength, a division of labor to complete. .
3, in the face of art in different learning activities in the application of general teaching methods, based on the study should address the characteristics of art, emphasis on the study of new teaching methods to guide and encourage students to self-study, Research-based learning and cooperative learning. For example, we let in the winter when the students to a village as a team and work together to collect the traditional Chinese culture and folk art related cultural products and works of art. And finally write a summary and thoughts.

Fourth, teachers and students should be based on actual teaching situation, the implementation of an open nature, and can promote the development and improvement of teaching students as well as to promote the continuous development of art curriculum and methods of evaluation index. Evaluation of the students can not be a universal standard. Because that is bound to stifle the students a unique and innovation. Is also contrary to the basic competency test openness, diversity of features.

Although, we is weak, but we still can not resort to extreme sea-examination routines and tactics to deal with problems at the new entrance of new curriculum reform, because that’s the old way does not help the new college entrance examination. Also poles apart from the spirit of reform.

Experts said the new test shows a clear benefit high school new high school curriculum reform objectives, correctly handle the new curriculum reform and organizations to promote the first time to participate in curriculum reform the relationship between the entrance and prevent the rate of one-sided pursuit of further studies, establish a sound curriculum management and teaching management system, and promote student moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic development of the healthy growth of students to create a better learning environment.

Needless to say, entrance examination pattern is bound to affect the new changes would also further promote the progress of the new curriculum reform. Will truly achieve the new curriculum reform.

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Today is Tuesday, the most busy day, I 2 of teaching and research, five music lesson, there is a counseling,.

I think a few lessons today, each of the class atmosphere and circumstances are different, students are also a lot of work, and perhaps 12 other teachers talk about the contents of the class, so that these children run out of a lot of brain cells. In my class, I want to let students in a relaxed, pleasant atmosphere, learn songs, learn some musical knowledge, but it has always been in the classroom management, I am not strong, this time encountered a major problem, today I feel, a little depressed, more specifically, so I feel that some small failures.

Two days of four classes of students, lively, good move, I like their classes on the class. Often in their schools and classes, although the progress is not a quick lesson, but the science is more thorough classroom atmosphere is also very good, complete a class four times the morning of the fourth quarter lesson and that is two days of three shifts of classes, this class students, smart, but the classroom is not the performance of active and not raise their hands to speak, not to mention, let them up clicker, and I thought a lot of ways, and students together to sing, or let them whispering singing, etc., the effect is not very good, as if they stand up show, is disgraceful, and I used to encourage language, for they are to cope with the official’s singing, of course, this is a small part of the students, there are several students, stand up, I always say, a teaching of singing, he even did not carefully read the book, nor is it too good, then my heart Why did the student feel good, studious, I also reflect on their own, at which time, One male classmates, to other students threw bottles of mineral water. I’ll point to his name, and give his team five points deducted, I basically do not points in class, he is not satisfied with his face, I said that one if they feel aggrieved, I feel the teachers Koufa, can The teacher said, facing him, and I had really did not think a good way to discipline him, he said: teachers, other students have also thrown bottles, and how can you not say them, and then sat down on his own, and face the for my tireless and provocative, which is in front of two male students, but also slapstick, the moment I do not know how to manage it, and then, halfway through class, I have closed, and students on a self-study.

One at noon, I did not eat, has been reflection on the performance of students in the classroom, there is a part of my responsibility, but for such students should I do?

Now music textbooks, 10 a few years ago, the music is classic, but not fashionable, I should be how to make students interested in these songs then?

I think the success of any one of the teachers are all experienced a lot of difficulties making every effort to become an excellent classroom manager, I should have more courage setback can not be discouraged. To other outstanding teachers to learn, as early as 1:00 can easily control the classroom, wanted Zhaojiao Chang said, the more difficult, the easier you down Chu Liu, you are more timid, we should do to meet the challenges, the Vietnam War Yue-yong!

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【Design Concept】

With interest as the starting point to model learning as a carrier to attract students to think as the purpose, to allow students to model the process of learning experience our own reality, realization method migration.

Analysis】 【Textbook

This section in the Su Jiaoban textbooks fall under Chapter VII, section I, the students completed the program in the conception and design plans drawn to study, go to the model or prototype of the excessive part, play a role of linking role. This chapter is highly practical chapters, its contents also implies a certain way of thinking. Model or prototype production is an important part of the technical design, it is for the students to master the technical design process, to achieve the conversion of the program to the product plays an important role. In the first section of this chapter specifically set up “model at different stages of the role” a section, emphasizing the model approach in the design of all aspects of the role. Here, the model is no longer just a specific model, it has been given the connotation of thinking.

The lesson from the model of the concept of starting, so that students understand the model functions and model the role of different design stages, penetration modeling the importance of a clear model of the production process is not only embodied in the process of design ideas, or the development of the idea of the creative process. Textbook case of real-life far away from the students, and a small number of hard to attract the interest of students, it added that some of the materials processing model case, the change of the Juicer model car model.

Situation analysis】 【school

The students experienced a period of time in front of learning, from learning the content point of view, students understand the general process of design, experience discovery, identifying problems and program ideas, presents, it should be the logical model into a prototype production of live links, but a large number of theory, spend the student’s interest in students at this time of GM technology, interest is waning period, how to restore the students general interest in the technology, how to make students learn from the model out of sentiment and affect their learning potential source of other disciplines, thus from the fundamental solution to learn from GM technology is not available, re-unimportant issues such as the guidance of teachers, it is important.

【Teaching objectives】

1. Knowledge and skills:

1) to list the life model, or prototype instance, know that model, or prototype of its functions.

2) understand the model-making at different stages in product design have different role.

2. Process and Method:

Through the process of understanding the model and understand the model is the technical design of a link and an important method.

3. Emotions, attitudes and values:

The model and its functions through the process of understanding experience hands-on “doing” the importance of technology to enhance learning common interest in migration implementations.

【】 Key and difficult

Focus:

1, understanding the design model is a part and an important technical methods
2, according to design products to make a simple model or prototype.

Difficulty:

How do I learn from the model in the realized that “must know this to practice is essential” an extension of the concept to enable students to build “learning by doing, learning to do” concept.

【Teaching Methods】

Teaching method, the discussion method, examples of analysis

【Education】 ideas

Actively guide the students to discuss in real life often see or hear the model function, combined with the students and real life, choose the design of the car production process as the carrier, analysis model in designing, testing, improving and sharing the role of foster learning interest.

【Teaching process】

【】 Today, we import a new lesson to learn the general process of designing an important step, that is, model or prototype production.

【】 The first thing we explain to them understand what is model or prototype.

1, the prototype and model

1, the prototype

【Q】 That set up what is a prototype it?

Prototype (prototype) is usually the first to fully reflect the physical functions of the product, which is widely used in new product development, and sometimes the prototype is the final product.

【Explain】

The development of new products need to consider many factors, such as: in the development of a new model car, when their aesthetic creativity is subject to safety, ergonomics, manufacturability, and many of the constraints required to establish the product’s physical prototype, you can make a better assessment of these areas. Generally speaking, there are two aspects of the role of the prototype.

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First, design ideas

Wood processing is “Technology and design an” in “design implementation – producing” a chapter section to “process” a practical content. The design intent of this content through the creation of practical courses to enable students to personally experience some common processing tools and techniques to use.

2, materials analysis

Choice of materials is the version of the second edition of Guangdong. The contents of this section of the book inside a practical activity, edition pieces of small, but it is necessary to open, according to “universal technology” courses are intended to, this chapter is designed to allow students to master the design of a certain production capacity, while the use of tools can not be theoretical knowledge alone can learn to understand, and no grasp of the initial set up is not conducive to the future higher demands of the overall design. Fewer teaching materials to illustrate the content of teaching materials given to schools to set up the flexibility of resources to schools based on the content of reasonable arrangement in practice.

Three, learning the situation analysis

Them in their daily conversations with students and understand that this year most students had no previous contact with knowledge of woodworking processes, while the processing of wood craft from a technical difficulty, safety, cost and other terms are more advantageous than the other processing. So we Select “Make a simple wooden stool” in practical activities. As the course in practice only 40 minutes, we prepare lessons Group intends to use the 10 minutes to explain and demonstrate the production of a variety of tools, techniques, 25 minutes for students to create, 5 minutes summed up and evaluated. Taking into account the equipment and space issues, the students produced by the division of labor form.

Fourth, teaching objectives

1. Knowledge and skills:

① to know some common Woodworking tools;

② control panel saw, file, chisel, hammer tips.

2. Process and Methods:

① by observing the teacher’s demonstration of understanding of the difficulty when a variety of tools and techniques;

② by making simple wooden bench in the process, learn a reasonable division of labor, improve work efficiency, and experience panel saw, file, chisel, hammer and other tools used.

③ attempt to make a simple wooden bench out of a preliminary evaluation by the Bank to develop standards of beauty.

3. Emotion, attitude and values:

① to see for themselves the same design for every hard-won, to develop value financial integrity;

② feel the importance of cooperation to foster team spirit bear the responsibility for the division of labor;

③ practice exercise will cultivate the spirit of excellence;

5, teaching focus and difficult

1. Teaching Focus:

A variety of techniques to master the use of tools.

2. Teaching Difficulties:

A. the use of tools to master a variety of techniques.

B. rational allocation of work to improve efficiency.

6, teaching strategies

In the teaching of this lesson, will use the leading – the main design patterns to guide students to their own practice, and mastering technology essentials, timely thinking, analysis, extraction and evaluation.

1. In teaching students in order to increase the fun for the production of simple wooden bench as the main line to the task in the form of inspection points, to increase students sense of mission.

2. Effective teachers to create an environment, “making simple wooden bench,” can mobilize the capacity of various aspects of the students, such as: the ability to think and found that problem solving skills, manipulative ability, problem-solving skills, cooperative learning capability. The classroom over to the students so that students become the main classroom to allow students to experience technology that enables students to initially master the simple wood processing techniques.

7, teaching resources

1. Luban lock assembly video

2. Equipment: Luban lock (1 set), palm saw (16), Frame Saw (1), wood chisels (16), Claw Hammer (16), spores (1), carpenter pencil (16), ax (1), chisel (1), wood filing (8), 30cm ruler (8), 1cmX21cmX21cm ply wood (8), 1cmX21cmX20cm ply wood (8), first aid kit (1 a)

8, the teaching process

1. Importing new lesson

① display some beautiful wooden buildings and objects (civil construction, furniture, gift boxes, etc.)

②】 【demonstration experiment: the magic Luban lock

Legend craftsmen Luban Lu Spring and Autumn Period in order to test whether it is wise son, with six strips of wood can produce a detachable toys to fight, called his son apart. Son of a busy night, finally broke up. This toy is called Luban lock on future generations. In fact, this is just a legend. It originated in ancient Chinese architecture pioneered by Tenon (sǔn) d (mǎo) structure. Thus, also known as Lo Pan Ming lock lock, do not sap, six sub-together party, Mo nonetheless, difficult people and other wood.

The introduction of the use of locks to enable students to feel the Luban carpentry process of China’s extensive and profound, from the Qionglouyuyu down to the kids stuff. To elicit the students a sense of pride and interest in learning woodworking techniques. However, the lock can not allow students to Luban’s interest is greater than the contents of the back, resulting in overwhelming and consequences. To consider this point does not give students time to fight Luban lock, only the spelling of Luban lock. The classroom teacher can skillfully demonstrates once or play 3D video. Can you mention the “Falcon d” this process, because the time is also used in making wooden bench.

2. Woodworking Tools Introduction

This session is mainly introduce some commonly used woodworking tools, it is recommended to use comparative approach to help students identify. Describes the process of combining PPT kind of structure or use of images to help students understand the various tools.

① ax – a grand scale, together, to carry out rough lumber used.

② spores – the surface of the wood planing straight, thinning out light, flat body surface for processing.

(In the courseware Figure specify: shaver body (plane-tang, notch), planing iron (plane I), and pillows and other sub-components.)

③ saw – cutting wood to-use tool

Frame Saw – the traditional Chinese wood saw, tooth pattern asymmetry, external oblique flat in

Hand saw – symmetrical patterns

Table saw – electric saws

Jig Saw – Hand-held electric saws

The classroom practice using a panel saw.

④ thick knife – cutting wood to use

⑤ burin – carving wood use

⑥ chisel – slot, opening the eyes using

⑦ claw hammer – use on nails

⑧ Wood File – edge to edge of the wood used in

3. Making simple wooden bench

① a clear practical task (which is part of the pre-class case study issued in advance to enable students to clear today’s tasks)

The classroom teachers only need to introduce the practice process and rating requirements.

Practice Process:

1) a student drawing with a pencil to draw under the wooden board-like;

2) The two students responsible for plate sawing;

3) The two students responsible for Mortise chisel;

4) The two students responsible for nail Jiemu parts;

5) A student is responsible for trimming the edge.

Rating requirements:

1) within a specified period of time to complete their 20 hours

2) The exact location of board nailed 20 points

3) the stability of the stool strong 30 points

4) the edge formation 10 points stool

5) The proper use of tools is not unexpected 10 minutes

6) finishing tools for 10 minutes

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Since the 20th century, 90 years, Europe and the United States Asian countries have initiated “theme to explore” and “design study” activities aimed at teaching focuses on enough to build the best environment for students to a wide range of ability. Full-time compulsory education, the new “Fine Arts curriculum standards” requirement “should pay special attention to teaching art to stimulate the innovative spirit of students, teachers should actively help to stimulate students to create innovative learning environment.” In the era of knowledge-based economy, innovation and the spirit of the community the members of one of the most important psychological qualities. Innovation itself is an autonomous activity, teachers in the innovation process of education in the primary role is to encourage and guide. To Shanghao an art class, except in accordance with “Outline” requirements, study materials, other than the serious lesson preparation, but also their brains designed to create the best teaching situation, to enable students to develop innovative wings. Aroused the interest of students, so teaching effectiveness to achieve the desired level.
First, scenes begin to imagine the wings, to mobilize the enthusiasm of the students take the initiative to thinking;
Scenario is a time, place, characters, events, very specific scenarios. Students the image of the thinking is characterized by the decisions of their age, they love and is happy in specific, the image of the environment, continue to think, explore, imagine that. According to the teaching of specific scenarios just to meet the pupils of this mentality, that is the image of their thinking laid a bridge leading to the purpose. For example: Lingnan Art No. 10 version of “stamp design.” Teacher before class to produce a non-stamped large envelope, saying: This is a poor mountainous areas in Guizhou, Shenzhen child wrote a letter to children, results are returned post office, you know why? Students scrambling to raise their hands to answer – no stamps. The teacher said the lesson for the letter we have designed a beautiful stamps. At this point, a very specific scenario has been created out of the enthusiasm of the students have been actively participating in the mobilization, because these students for poor mountain children do not receive the letter and anxious, also have to express themselves better able to design a stamp desire. This scenario specific and image of the Moral able to mobilize the students interest in learning, serve three purposes.
Second, sci-fi inspired to meet the psychological curiosity, broaden students a wealth of imagination;
From an educational psychology perspective, students learn and discover two kinds of methods are acceptable. The discovery learning, learning content is an indirect form of a question arise, students learn the psychological mechanism or way to respond, the students knowledge of the discoverer. Curiosity is a tremendous driving force of scientific inventions. At the same time, “psychology” tells us: curiosity is a very common psychological phenomenon, children’s curious desire for a higher value. Their way of thinking there is a great illusion. Wonderful sea, the mysterious space, etc. is that they explore new and future issues, the Monkey King’s superb, Avanti wit brave and so is that they always want to know the secrets of the innocent students do not have a do not like to listen to stories, and teaching that I Regular use of science fiction, cartoons, fairy tales of the exciting plot to help students complete the learning task.
If “” Traveling to outer space (imagine the paintings) “” the class teacher to collect a wide array of space pictures, sci-fi story, matched with elegant music, there is a beautiful screen, there is sweet music, there is a lively plot, the students not only to enjoy the beautiful space to learn about the mysterious spacecraft, but also opened the space of imagination of students, teaching the key and difficult resolved. Another example, coastal version of Art fifth volumes of “interesting fairy tale, mythological figure” (art appreciation), as long as the “Avanti” and the story of a talk, the students are scrambling to talk about. Are familiar with the story of students just want to express themselves, do not know just want to listen to the students, teachers reflected on the screen then wonderful, lively and interesting characters are entirely agreeable to those Pac-note to enjoy the very penetrating, and some students also performing on stage one of the antics. Very active classroom atmosphere, even the students who usually do not have to speak to hear that. Easy to create a democratic and harmonious teaching atmosphere is really relaxed, Christianity, scholars happy.
Third, improvisation games, Enlightenment from the creation of inspiration, lit the spark innovative thinking of students;
As we all know, the games are interesting and strong, and participate in a wide range, regulation of human spiritual life of the lubricant. Pupils a good move, and things of interest to a soft spot, the game is that all primary school students, one of the most popular activities. Well-known cartoonist, Mr. Peck officer said: “A child’s game, contains most of the creative, but unfortunately, many of them are too unpleasant to the majority of children are denied the creativity!” Obviously the game is the creation of intrinsically The close contact. If teachers combine games and education, in order to pave the way for students to creative thinking, the game introduced into the classroom, so that pupils with a purpose of a good move to stimulate students to learn only the desire to penetrate in the game, teaching will be ripe.
Such as education “splash-ink painting to imagine,” This lesson, I walked into the classroom say, our lesson to do a game, and then allow a student to the podium carrying his ink, in the kind of rice paper on the random projection Taiwan splashed, and then requested a Imagine playing with a brush to add the students, teachers Enlightenment from a little, a lifelike image of a moment reflected in the screen on. A very simple game, deeply attracted students, their eager enthusiasm unprecedented, teachers and the relevant knowledge into them and explain the teaching effect ripe. After-school survey, the vast majority of students to imagine a creative way to play according to traditional Chinese ink to complete the job. Such as “blow painting” and so on should be the case.
4, competition encouraged, to experience the stimulus of competition, exercise the mental capacity of students;
Today’s society, people always show their strong society, and the race is that people vent their passion civilization. The strong competition to create an excellent opportunity. Students on the competition all the more so filled with the joy of victory, whenever and wherever they are committed, and they are so preoccupied with my heart desire for victory.

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She “is three times circulation. Subject some eye-catching, this is not the romantic place, but to use anthropomorphic hand writing

France.
During this time, the problem has been the atmospheric circulation Kunrao always want the image in the mind, clear and to build a three-dimensional atmospheric circulation knot

Structure, and always there is ineffective. These days with so much sleep made Zhanzhuan in today finally suddenly —
Can make use of water to understand the flow of water is much more intuitive than the air, the reason is the same: the river cross-section on a very weak circulation, but the

Who also would not say the river is to flow between the two sides!
The mainstream of the atmospheric circulation of the vortex fluctuations superimposed latitudinal movement through two thick on the ground and at heights, confined to a thin low –

Empty, that is, three wind zones:
1, and near the equator: the ground and high altitude are the wind, high altitude with wind fluctuations on the ground that the trade wind belt;
2, middle and high latitude regions: ground and high altitude, the entire troposphere is westerly and the western disturbances;
3, polar easterlies: confined to near-surface layer, high-altitude is the west wind.
Why is the ground and high altitude mid-latitude westerly winds are controlled? Why meteorological satellite cloud pictures of the cloud system are moving eastward? The reason is obvious

Here.
Question: Why mid-latitude regions are the ground and high altitude westerly winds control? Why do we see the weather forecast

Satellite image of the cloud system are moving along the east?
If we can very confidently in front of students to explain answers, it would beg you to lot of pointing.
The vast majority of geography teachers on these issues will become language support prevaricate, to ensure clear, quality to participate in this discussion of the issue

, It is best to prepare some seriously university textbooks to learn about the content of atmospheric motion, or some relevant text search.
2
The following article —
The average atmospheric circulation, organize their own thoughts after reading the network to see very clean, neat, concise one needs to get out

White final summing up:
And three circles corresponding to the ground air circulation in the vicinity of the low-latitude and polar easterlies generally, and in the mid-latitudes are westerlies. High air

Stream in the middle and high latitude regions are basically westerly winds, and surface wind with different major systems lost the meridional wind component to become a real West

风. In the wind over the equator is controlled.
The mainstream of the atmospheric circulation of the vortex fluctuations superimposed latitudinal movement through two thick on the ground and at heights, confined to a thin low –

Empty, that is, three wind zones:
1, and near the equator: the ground and high altitude are the wind, high altitude with wind fluctuations on the ground that the trade wind belt;
2, middle and high latitude regions: ground and high altitude, the entire troposphere is westerly and the western disturbances;
3, polar easterlies: confined to near-surface layer, high-altitude is the west wind.
The above text is through careful study and later, according to their own understanding of habit and make a summary order, there is no manifest error.
Of atmospheric circulation and planetary wind system with zonal movement mainly reflected the characteristics of the Earth is not unique to the atmosphere in the solar system, surrounded by other

There are also planets, Jupiter and Saturn are not all the surface of the distribution of a series of alternating light and dark, with the equatorial cloud band parallel to do? Of course, this

There are still other reasons.
3
Their circulation by no means is that three times is the wrong model, on the contrary, this is a very simple and effective model to help us to know

The formation of a complex mechanism of atmospheric circulation, otherwise there is no way to really explain to students less complex phenomenon of atmospheric circulation.
Here is just a matter of fact that the teachers understand it, there is a wide range of serious deviations and typical errors: three times in reading show circulation

Intent, the error stubbornly believe that high-altitude wind circulation in the opposite direction of the wind with the ground; and most people do not understand this observation is very

Facts: mid-latitude westerlies over, why is the west wind, low-latitude easterlies over the equatorial easterly why are there still.
Is three times circulation has been widely misunderstood, is not three times circulation was wrong.
Three times a unique circulation embarrassing encounter are: sub-polar low pressure belt (or Polar Front Zone) increase in air, its return to low latitudes

1, why is not a bias force to turn the impact of the Northern Hemisphere at high altitudes as wind deflection? It and on the ground, like a west wind,

Even the westerly jet.
Modern meteorology is based on observing a de facto science and aeronautical and meteorological observations and satellite observations help greatly enhanced our understanding of large

Level of awareness of air movement.
We can not say three times is a perfect model of circulation we are very like it, to demand the atmosphere according to our model to movement, but only under the concept of

Measuring the fact that to perfect the model, to improve our understanding.
Who can explain, who can convince me that I know who to believe, could only observe the observed facts.
4
With an intuitive flow, only to find a corresponding specific things a prototype to understand the problem and observing fact. Is purely self –

Understood in this way has been a kind of knowledge, even the simple reasoning not. To explore the unknown needs of the scientific principles of creativity, understanding of the subjects are known to

Science knowledge also requires creativity.
Feel very effective, but also comparable: are fluid, water and air can produce fluctuations, pulsation and turbulence. Own experience as a

A “water Twisted,” a small experiment: take a one-off cup to cut a slightly larger following irregular holes, look at the situation flow

Shape. Atmospheric circulation is not very similar to the “air cannabis” or “air rope” appearance?
Do not think in my mind to create a new heat to the theory of atmospheric circulation, and then to reiterate this: merely to facilitate an intuitive understanding of their atmospheric ring

Flow of knowledge, rather than three times to overthrow the circulation, but not to prove that any new theory of atmospheric circulation. But with all of the atmospheric circulation

Surface knowledge, the teachers themselves in understanding the many atmospheric phenomena, do not always mechanically applied three times to simplify the ideal circulation of the

, It remains a classic of students to teaching is also very very effective, but our own need to know the essence of the problem is.
6
On this issue, if only a small number of ignorant and incompetent teachers, like me, I would too embarrassed to write such a text.
The problem is that more business can be excellent teachers to upgrade and regret from the front line of geographical teaching, the issue of general circulation in the atmosphere has

From beginning to end to Chuaizhuo vague awareness; teachers to leave more confused, understanding is limited to secondary school textbooks concise,

Can not face the questions of students to continue with a deep confusion and even error, very few have the energy to go in-depth materials on the relevant university understood

Content, and few have access to a wealth of information, the latest scientific research results; like me in vain to think about this issue to

To Chafanbusi, and how much is to be encouraged to pursue professional growth behavior, the relationship between secondary schools and universities from the alienation, the lack of groove

Tong is also the essence of their business is not an important reason.
So, I hope there are more professional excellent geographical, meteorological experts Zhidianmijin also hope to understand the vast number of teachers teaching editing Pu

Puzzled over the problem of teachers on a comprehensive reference book to add some text and image data.