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Pairs of high school students of traditional Chinese Gongbi counseling, so that high school students in art class creating a separate Chinese Painting, which is to be focus of the study.

As a high school art teachers have the responsibility and obligation to their students the traditional art education, first of all can not allow students to be Chinese traditional art of illiteracy, particularly in the face of “examination-oriented” education under the high-school students, art class through a number of activities to alleviate pressure on while allowing students to understand the profound Chinese traditional art, and through meticulous painting creation, to enable students to experience a drawing kinds of learning, access to the experience of Chinese Painting, resulting in a sense and confidence.

Integration of high school teaching materials, use of the limited art class, art class so that both normative and practical nature. So that students in a school art class not only mastered the textbook knowledge, but knowledge of the use of textbooks created a tradition of meticulous flower. Teachers in the creative process guiding the students in the main method is to demonstrate methods, and individualized, especially for impatient students to adopt a “meticulous in the freehand nature” approach to counseling students to improve a large area of traditional art capabilities.

1, high school students to learn the traditional art of practical significance

Times have been fast to train into the 21st century. The builders of the 21st century should be one with a sound knowledge of the structure and personality structure of the new talents. To accomplish this important mission, we need the current high school students in early-round development. Since China’s current “exam-oriented” education model of the impact of a considerable number of high school students, their culture is very good lesson to learn, but it is very poor understanding of the arts, especially for even less understanding of Chinese traditional art. Facts have proved that not only would this affect their normal play to their talents, but also impede their healthy development of the personality.

Also in contemporary society, science and technology and the rapid development of productive forces has greatly enriched the material wealth of society, constantly enriched with material wealth, people also need to continuously enrich the spiritual life of high school students to learn traditional Chinese arts, for personal development to the of vital importance.

Senior High School “Art Course Standards” nature of the curriculum that: China’s art has a long history and brilliant achievements, with other countries and peoples of the world of art together form the diversity of art. As art educators have the responsibility and obligation to students in traditional art education, in a sense, marks the traditional arts of classical Chinese civilization, culture and arts in the area of the highest level is indeed the pride of the Chinese nation, we can not allow students to forget that China nation’s glorious art of painting, traditional arts to art educators through our passed along. To let students know up to the prehistoric down to a typical well-known contemporary paintings and artists; understand the characteristics and method of traditional art techniques. Only by understanding the students of this nation’s brilliant culture and history, with national pride, growth path in life to generate self-confidence. Would be more strenuously study.

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Peking Opera art and cultural courses are developed by our school a school-based curriculum. Peking Opera rich in cultural and historical connotations. This course: one relying on existing artistic disciplines to ensure that class, sub-paragraphs years has systematically nurture students Peking Opera; two active and orderly conduct classes in two school club activities, the expansion of all students in Peking Opera impact. Courses and activities and to rely on the formation of three-dimensional curriculum system.

China is facing the impact of western culture, contemporary children’s lack of China’s traditional culture influenced by the reality of facing the loss of traditional culture, our history and culture as a successor to assume the responsibility to protect, popularize, promote task. *** General Secretary clearly pointed out: “Opera is our national art treasures, which promote the arts and culture, inspiring the national spirit, to the masses, especially young people an important content of education in patriotism.” Creation of Peking Opera art and cultural courses The purpose is to make our students aware of Peking Opera is China’s cultural legacy, and in the world opera stage, a place, through the activities of teaching and a variety of Beijing Opera, Peking Opera’s fun-loving students to develop feelings and appreciation of opera, performance ability and creativity to improve opera culture literacy, in the lively art form by the patriotic education.

The opening of Peking Opera art and cultural courses, take some basic school. Cheng Yin Street Primary School from the nineties of the last century set up a children’s opera community, in close disciple of Mei Lanfang, Shen Xiaomei, under the supervision of a teacher, have never stopped the activities of almost every class has a small community opera actor. In addition, schools are held each semester Peking Opera Art Festival, attracting parents to participate. Peking Opera culture has penetrated into the campus community and family, opening Peking Opera art and cultural courses can be described as a matter of course, subject to parental support, community recognition, the response of teachers and students welcome.

[Practice Case]: Cheng Yin Street Primary School from the spring of 2006 started in school grades 1-6 to open Beijing Opera art and cultural courses, and as nearly a thousand school students in a required course. Peking Opera Peking Opera art and cultural courses by the provincial-level actors Shao-Liang Zhang, Sha Yu, and many other experts in curriculum development and instruction, the arts team of teachers from the school as the main curriculum implementation personnel, school teachers, with the entire school year, 16 hours, the whole school to a sixth grade fully forward and into the art of lesson evaluation system.

To do the following:

A creation of Peking Opera course. With the course format to ensure education for all students by the Peking Opera and arrange hours to form a curriculum evaluation system, and one to sixth grade are used star system for evaluation.

2, to carry out activities in Peking Opera. Every Friday in the form of school clubs attract a keen interest in a number of pairs of Peking Opera Peking Opera performers to join the ranks of the children, and this radiation, the expansion of all students in Peking’s influence; in class, and teams will be in around the Peking Opera, to carry out various forms of the relevant activity.

3, in the course of penetration of elements of Peking Opera. Peking Opera to cover not only music, art and other artistic disciplines, but also, radiation to the literary, social and even sports and other disciplines, therefore, relevant courses in the infiltration of elements of Peking Opera art so that students all-round understanding of Peking Opera, Beijing Opera experience and enjoy the Peking Opera, is the courses were an important part of the study.

4, organized by Peking Opera Art Festival. Come provincial professional bodies, the creation of Peking opera popular lectures, performing Chinese classical, traditional aria, so that the small community, “amateur” and professional actors to stage to stimulate interest in the small audience, so that professionals, amateur integration, the next stage, an interactive . Our school will be in the original festival traditions, based on the establishment of the annual opera festival, so that “classes in singing opera, everyone will be Peking Opera,” in the arts during the festival in order to Squadron for the organization, extensive mobilization, there are plans to to host “Peking Opera blackboard newspaper” contest; opera tabloid appraisal; Opera history, story telling; opera aria display and other activities.

5, regular participation in community activities. Let opera into the community, not only enriched the cultural life of the community, but also at the same time strive for more community recognition and support. Let the kids into the streets of communities, homes for the elderly and nursing homes, at the same time show their temper, but also learn to care about in performance, experience joy of giving.

6, to create opportunities for students to provide a stage show. Allow more attention to the social dimension of opera, so that students get a sense of achievement in the show, but also to students of the Peking Opera has created and professional community to exchange skills and improve the level of opportunities. We will take the school network platforms, and WAN platforms combine propaganda and media performances combining forms, such as students in order to maximize the display of students in order to let the Chinese traditional culture in a modern metropolis, recognized and echoed.

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I. Background and Significance

Chapter topics include “The structure and function of plant cells”, “human and animal cell structure and function of” two is not only a hierarchy of knowledge, learning organisms starting point for students to study cell differentiation to form organizations, the composition of the organism based and students understand a variety of organisms, the phenomenon of life, understanding a number of organisms, the basis for life activities.

This section through the production of onion scale leaf epidermal cells and the temporary use of microscope slide specimens and observed so that students onion flake morphology of leaf epidermal cells, there is a perceptual knowledge that students understand and identify the basic structure of plant cells, the premise, but also to learn cells, the main function of the various parts of the structure foundation.

2, Learning and Guidance Goals

1, knowledge accumulation and dispersal: The leaf epidermal cells of onion scales slide specimens of observation, identification of plant cells, the basic structure and main functions.

2, skills to master and guidance: trying to make onion scale leaf epidermal cells using a microscope slide specimens and observation.

3, intelligent improvement and discipline: In the hands-on practical operations, ability to develop experimental basis, through group discussions, exchange cultivate a spirit of cooperation, improve communication skills.

4, affective and counseling practice: During the experiment, identify problems and try to solve the problem, to stimulate students interest in learning.

5, ideas and guidance to confirm: Emphasis on experiments to study the importance of biology lessons, pointing out that micro-technology, the application of advanced science and technology contributed to the development of biological research, and to enable students to realize the importance of learning biology, and gradually form a ideas of dialectical materialism.

Third, obstacles and generate interest

Through active participation, hands, brain, try to make onion scale leaf epidermal cells and slide specimens, skillfully using a microscope and can tell the various parts of the structure of plant cells, the main function.

4, learning process and lead the activities of

Teacher preparation: “onion leaf epidermal cells, scale structure” of material objects; plant cell model.

Student preparation: drawing, pen, eraser, ruler and so on.

Importing new lesson

Body composition by plant cells, then the plant cell size, shape, how? Which is again composed of several parts which do?

Inquiry process

(A) (1) to produce a picture of several plant cell morphology, cell morphology so that students are perceptual

(2) The production of plant cell structure model, and with “plant cell structure diagram” in comparison, guide the students familiar with the structure of plant cell

(B) To observe the structure of onion epidermal cells (2 per group)

(1) memories of produced specimen slide means, and guide students to think: when you create slide specimens of water drops in the amount of glass slides on what the central authorities as the standard? What would happen if the water too much kind of results? How to avoid the cover slip cover slip cover under the bubble created? If bubbles emerge, how we can make bubbles disappear?

(2) Production of onion epidermal cell structure, slide specimens to guide students to tear off the size of moderate, non-curly leaf epidermis of onion scales.

(3) demonstrates staining method to guide students to experiment.

(4), onion epidermal cells observed with a microscope to better understand the structure of plant cells.

(5) Teacher prompt drawing requirements, to advise their students as required drawing.

(C) of plant cells, the main function of various parts of the structure

To guide students to read books about the structure and function.

Display pre-prepared questions to guide students to discuss the conclusions:

(1) to maintain shape of plant cells have the rules of what is the structure of the major role?

(2) can control the physical access to what is the structure?

(3), when we eat watermelon juice flows out of that? From the cells, which structure?

(4) to conduct a major life activity places where are they? The structure of plant photosynthesis and respiration-related structures and related structures that?

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Students are the main body of the learning process, stimulate students interest in learning so that students can actively participate in the teaching process,

To improve learning ability, learning to learn approach is a very important process of teaching content.

In the design of this lesson in the teaching process, first by the creation of the scene broadcast wonderful natural beauty of the video, attracting the attention of students and to actively participate in class, import the new lesson. Student recommended by the characteristics of protected areas, under the guidance of teachers, awareness of biological diversity in the three levels of species diversity and ecosystem diversity of two levels. Species diversity and ecosystem diversity is very intuitive, easy to accept students, but the genetic diversity of biological diversity, internal factors are more abstract, is a heavy teaching difficult, therefore, in the teaching process, displaying vivid images, to make the abstract into intuitive, easy to accept the students, while the typical information, discuss and exchange students to think through, so heavy and difficult easy to break. Then goes on to explain and practice a combination of analysis of specific information (Dodo and 卡尔瓦利亚 tree), indicating that biological diversity, the relationship between the three levels and caused students to think more than the conservation of biological diversity (for example: When of human economic development and the conservation of biological diversity, conflict with, people how to deal with; for people to harmful organisms, people should take the attitude, etc.), student exchange through discussions to foster care for life, love of nature and the beautiful feelings; the same time for the next lesson to learn, “the conservation of biological diversity” pave the way for. Teaching students throughout the observation, analysis, discussion process, the experience of knowledge, development and change process.

Teaching:

Division: (broadcast of biological diversity video)

Division: nature is magic, just for a while we appreciate the beautiful natural scenery. Today’s society, there is a growing yearning for return to nature, a lot of eco-tourism become increasingly popular. The cross-strait youth science camp students are put in this summer camp destination for nature reserves locked, students find a lot of information on nature reserves and listen to their recommendations, we have to decide the purpose of this camp Which Nature Reserve.

Students: Hello everyone, welcome to the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve. At present, China established the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve is the largest in the world to save one of the most perfect nature reserve. Hoh Xil area in Qinghai is known in which there are 29 species of mammals, including five heads 9 Section 15 genera; birds of about 54 species of reptiles 1 species of fish 6. The best known species of Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild donkey, wild yak, Tibetan gazelle and so on. Higher plants, 102 genera and 202 kinds. If you want to explore the mysterious Tibetan antelope, wild yak observed tenacious research to understand the rules of discipline of Tibetan wild ass, then come to our Hoh Xil it, the Hoh Xil to keep it warm and open arms to welcome your arrival. As the saying goes you give us a chance, we also you a surprise!

Students: Hoh Xil Tibetan antelope is good, but I think that our superior Zhalong Nature Reserve, we are here to birds and water birds known as “natural park” where not only “Crane’s hometown” is also a valuable natural wetlands protected areas, who in 1992 was included in the “List of the world’s important wetlands.” Known to the world known here for Crane, but also the kingdom of wild animals, here derived from many animals, fish, 46 species, 277 kinds of insects, 260 kinds of birds, 21 species of mammals, amphibians four kinds, three kinds of reptiles. In the world in 15 kinds of cranes, there are six kinds of Zhalong Nature Reserve, and the basic state 1, two key protected animals and wanted to come to close contact with them do? Wanted to come to observe them? That brought in Zhalong Nature Reserve, you will have unexpected gains.

Health: Their red-crowned crane is a good can be tantamount to not rely on Black-faced Spoonbill 呀! Welcome to the Minjiang River mouth wetlands. Fujian Minjiang Estuary wetlands are so far the largest wetland at the same time it is also the Asia-Pacific region is an important way to migratory birds settled station. Black-faced Spoonbill on the screen you see, it is the national animal protection 2. Chinese crested tern is also, it is known as the “myth of the bird,” is the number of gull species in the least, and also that people once thought extinct species is it! In addition, there are Gramineae, Asteraceae, Juncaceae more than 80 kinds of plants, more than 100 kinds of plankton and 40 species of fish, prawns, crabs and shellfish resources. These can impress you? Here convenient, inexpensive, 咱 Zhalong why he went so far to go? Hastened to visit it, not as good as cardiac action Oh!

Students: Hello everyone, Welcome to the Wuyi Mountain Nature Reserve. As everyone knows, Mount Wuyi is a mountain southeast of China, located in Fujian and Jiangxi at the junction of winding hundreds of thousands of miles, the “Qixiu A southeast,” the laudatory name. Here it became a natural barrier, blocked in the winter cold air from the north, but also in the summer to retain a lot of warm and humid maritime air mass, so that where large tracts of green leaves form a broad-leaved forest, but also gave birth to a number of national focus on the protection of rare wild animals and plants. We see the screen, which is south of Yew. It is a high oil content of seeds is a piperazine citrate, negatively eating precious medicinal herbs. This is Cabot’s Tragopan and white-necked Pheasant. They are protected animals at the national level. Therefore, the study tour would come to us Wuyishan, yew here waiting for you!

Students: Welcome to the prestigious Wolong National Nature Reserve. It is China’s largest area of habitat, natural conditions, the most complicated and rare animals and plants the most comprehensive nature reserve. Is also China’s first Special Administrative Region of the natural resource conservation. Dense virgin forest, at the Sichuan Basin and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau transition zone, from sub-tropical to temperate, boreal creatures are distributed. It has six different natural vegetation provides a habitat for a variety of biological sites. Here, you can see the nearly 4,000 species of plants, about 2200 kinds of animals. If you want to, and charmingly naive panda “first intimate contact”, and further observation, understanding, this is definitely live up to those of the first choice. The giant panda distribution area accounting for about one-tenth of the total. Zhalong there is a bird’s paradise, can look at our Wolong, also in the birds to find “paradise”, the total principal oh. A wide variety of birds, accounting for 50% of China’s special birds. Therefore, the Wolong Nature Reserve, the “hometown of panda”, “valuable biological gene bank”, “natural zoological and botanical gardens,” famous Chinese and foreign. When you considered the mysterious Hoh Xil, pondering Zhalong, bought in to the Minjiang River mouth wetlands tickets, looking over the beautiful Mount Wuyi, do not forget to look at our tour in Wolong Nature Reserve, Oh!

Division: I thank the staff of several protected areas, introduction, listening to the briefing, the students what do you think?

Students: Students are introduced Nature Reserve has its own unique and would like to go to each of them. Many species in protected areas, in particular, are very rich treasure of flora and fauna. Protected areas is very beautiful scenery.

Division: (show some of the individual species in protected areas of the data sheet) just the students mentioned in the introduction of protected areas a lot of kinds of organisms, in fact these organisms only a small part of the biological nature. How many kinds of bio-in the end, anybody’s guess, scientists have different opinions, some saying that there are 5 million kinds, and some say there are 10 million kinds, more to say there are as many as 100 million kinds. However, there have been more than 200 types of identity million species, a figure sufficient to explain biological species are rich and diverse. Strange things on the planet live in a wide variety of organisms, which reflects the diversity of biological species. China is the most abundant species in the world. (Showing some of China’s flora and fauna in the world ranking tables) in which vertebrate fish, birds and mammals species are located in the forefront of the world. (The picture shows a variety of gymnosperms) knows what the living world ranking first in China do?

HEALTH: China is the most abundant gymnosperms countries, known as “the hometown of gymnosperms.”

Division: protected areas and beautiful scenery, preservation of intact ecosystems, students can try Tell me, have just introduced it a few protected areas, what are the typical ecosystems.

Students: forest ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, grassland ecosystems. (Eco-system diagram can be displayed to prompt)

Teachers: In addition to just the students said these ecosystems, it also know what types of ecosystems?

Students: urban ecosystems, agricultural ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, desert eco-systems.

Teacher: a variety of ecosystem types, reflecting the diversity of the ecosystem. Nature Reserve is a variety of ecosystems and species of the natural store. Establishing nature reserves is to protect the biological diversity of an effective measure. Reference to biological diversity, in the past we all think that biological diversity is the diversity of species. In actual fact, as people continue to deepen the level of awareness of biological diversity, enrich the connotation that it includes not only the diversity of species, but also the diversity of ecosystems, in addition to these two, there are other meaning do, and we went to explore.

Division: (show goldfish, giant panda picture) goldfish and the giant panda is a different species, their morphological characteristics very different from what are the inherent causes?

Students: goldfish and the giant panda, whether morphological or physiological characteristics all have a very big difference. Goldfish is a fish, scaly surface, with fins, with gill respiration, etc.; giant panda is a mammal, surface coat, with lungs breathe, viviparous, breastfeeding and so on. Genetic manipulation of biological traits, so these differences are caused by different genetic make-up, different kinds of bio-genetic makeup of the difference is larger.

Teachers: Different kinds of biological differences between the genetic make-up, the same species between the genetic make-up whether the same? (Display of different varieties of goldfish) is also a goldfish, they are between individuals What are the differences? What causes it?

Students: caudal fin, eye, body color is different. Is caused by a different genetic make-up.

Division: the same species composition of each individual’s genes are different. Such as: there are 50,000 varieties of rice, the genetic composition of these species have a variety of differences, all the genes of these species constitutes the gene pool of rice. All of the genetic composition of each type of organism, a gene pool.

Species diversity and the same kinds of biological differences between the different individuals, all can be reflected on the genetic diversity can be said that the essence of all genetic diversity. So many varieties of goldfish is through the genetic diversity to nurture. In China there was a great scientist makes use of the genetic diversity to solve the food problem of China’s population.

Students: Yuan Longping the use of genetic diversity of cultivated wild rice and ordinary rice hybridization, so that high yield of hybrid rice by 10%. Not only is basically solved the food problem in China, also the contribution of hybrid rice technology to the world, the tense of the country for a number of food brought the Gospel. Genetic diversity of genetic breeding of plants and animals provide a valuable resource.

Division: Now students can complete to summarize the three levels of biodiversity do?

Students: species diversity, genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity

Division: Biological diversity, What is the relationship between the three levels? Through an example of our common understanding with the analysis. (Show the pictures and materials Dodo: European sailors diary shows that in the 15 centuries ago, Mauritius Island Dodo can be seen everywhere. Later, European settlers arrived in the island of Mauritius, they frantically hunted meat tender delicious Dodo, combined with the colonists had brought pigs, dogs, rats and so on, Dodo extinct. Dodo after the extinction, Mauritius Island 卡尔瓦利亚 trees are threatened with extinction. This tree peel kin thick, hard seed germination. 卡尔瓦利亚 Dodo most like to eat the fruit of the tree, after the fruit through the dodo’s digestive tract, skin thinning, and fruit to the normal germination of seeds. Mauritius dodo after the extinction of , triggering the local 卡尔瓦利亚 examples of endangered tree.) from the Dodo examples of them to realize what are the implications?

Students: (in teacher-guided analysis) dodo’s extinction is a loss of biological species, arbitrary arrests and the killing of people a great extent, destroyed the species diversity. Dodo disappeared, Dodo’s gene pool will disappear, and people’s activities undermine the genetic diversity. Dodo’s extinction, the 卡尔瓦利亚 tree does not normally germinate, resulting in the destruction of forest ecosystems, loss of habitat for many organisms, leading to species diversity and genetic diversity further diminished.

Teachers: We have tried to sum together the three levels of biological diversity, the relationship between: Each biological composition by a number of individuals, the genetic composition of these individuals there is a difference, and they together constitute a gene pool; each Also living in a certain bio-ecological systems, and with other species linked. Decrease in the number of certain organisms, or extinction, it will definitely affect the ecological system; when dramatic changes in the ecosystem, it will also speed up the diversity of species and genetic diversity.

Division: Dodo has vanished from the earth, it is only souvenirs, artwork, picture to see it’s image. These are a reminder of the people, to love and protect endangered wildlife, do not let them repeat the tragedy of the dodo.

Division: Biological diversity is human survival and development of precious resource. The protection of biological diversity is to protect human beings themselves, human beings for the protection of biological diversity, have made great efforts.

Division: Tibetan antelope is endemic to China’s treasured wildlife, the people in order to protect them, made great efforts. (Display wild animals in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Corridor and the Tibetan antelope picture and video) construction of the railway passage of wild animals have to spend a lot of money, why spend huge sums of money to build it?

Students: the train rumbling voice would be a big shock naturally timid antelopes will affect their migratory routes and habits. Wildlife passageways, fences, warning signs and migration induced by facilities such as the Qinghai-Tibet railway to protect rare wild animals live a normal life, migration and reproduction.

Division: Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction of wildlife crossings is that people will be conservation of biological diversity, human development and the harmonious combination of the perfect embodiment.

Protection of endangered creatures to protect it is a matter of course, but some students may want to ask questions, such as mosquitoes, flies, rats of these pairs of mankind “harmful” biological, should we still go to protect them? For they are what we human beings of the measures?

Students: (to discuss and reach a consensus), as mosquitoes, flies, rats and some of these pairs of animals are harmful to humans, but they are also part of the food chain, to have an important role in maintaining ecological balance. As the role of the food chain on the planet disappear one for each species, there will be related to disappearance of many species, so harmful to human beings should not be the complete elimination of biological, but should control their development so that the maintenance of a certain amount.

Division: conservation of biological diversity has a positive meaning, how to protect biological diversity, the students go back and look for information, the next lesson we work together to learn how to protect biological diversity.

Teaching Reflection: (Chen himself)

This lesson embodied in the teaching of philosophy students self-study, teacher-led instruction. The creation of scenarios for students recommended protected areas and train the students the ability to collect and collate information, but also tempered the language ability of students to fully reflect the students own learning. Construction of knowledge is also more reasonable, first introduce two intuitively easy to understand biological diversity levels (species diversity and ecosystem diversity), and through a variety of teaching methods to guide students to understand the inner essence of the abstract level (gene diversity), Deep level of knowledge of students in line with the second year. Emotional values of penetration is also very natural, especially for students to understand the pros and cons, such as flies, rats and the like in life for people of harmful organisms. The inadequacies of the whole class is to grasp the rhythm, the former tight after the song, hope for the coming slowly hone their teaching.

Instructor Comments: (Liu ying days teachers)

“Understanding biological diversity” section that covers the broad macro, how to tap the teaching materials for students to actively participate in classroom learning in the past. The development of teachers teaching resources and options, as well as classroom organization and management becomes important. Choose the one hand, quite a lot of material, to select a typical, and life experiences with students, echoing the original material, can stimulate students interest in learning so that students more easily integrated into learning activities. Teachers must be conscientious. On the other hand, teachers on how to lead students to take the initiative to carry out all levels of classroom learning activities, learning to play the role of a good guide, but also need to originality of design and thinking.

Chen introduced the teacher from the nature reserve to enable students to do tour guides as an entry point to mobilize the consciousness and the main body of students learning motivation, teacher-student collaboration, clever and easy solution to the “biological diversity”, the term “species diversity” and the “ecosystem diversity” issue, followed by interspecific comparisons and intraspecific comparison of methods to enable students to observe and ponder, to discuss the inherent biological differences between the different genes in essence, it shall be genetic diversity, thereby explicitly “Biodiversity” the full meaning. In the understanding of genetic diversity, Chen teachers can use examples from the utilization of genetic diversity, genetic protection of rare species and the “harmful” restrictions on the protection of bio-genetic, to lead students in progressive layers of interesting Fun to think about, discuss and exchange views, so that the classroom is full of fun and wisdom. Teachers also strain and wit are fully reflected. Finally, the students are fully met the emotional circumstances, the teachers in practice, the contents of this section to consolidate and deepen the teaching mission well accomplished, it should be said that this is a lively and it makes interesting reading and efficient biology lessons.

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According to a Chinese and foreign astronomers from an international research team announced the results of the latest estimates, the quality of the Milky Way is about 1 trillion solar masses, while in the past astronomers have measured the quality of the Milky Way is about 2 trillion solar masses.

This latest measurement result does not mean that the Milky Way change “slim”, but because scientists have now used a more accurate measurement method.

This to the Galaxy “weighing” of the latest research project is funded by the Max Planck Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics in Germany the work of the National Astronomical Observatories of China Xue Xiangxiang doctoral students participate in an international research team completed, Xue Xiangxiang related to the outcome of this study is the first paper authors.

According to Max Planck Institute for Astronomy of the 27 sites reported in the past determine the quality of the Milky Way stars, the number of samples used in small, approximately between 50-500, and mostly faint stars, clusters and dwarf galaxies, mixed samples, making Determination of the quality of the Milky Way there is a big error. Xue Xiang Xiang the research team measured using a sample of approximately 2400 located in the Milky Way galactic halo stars in the blue level of support. Observed stellar sample size the more the better the quality, the higher the accuracy of the results.

Xue Xiang Xiang told Xinhua News Agency reporters Dian Huacai and Fang Shiyue, the level of support the Blue Star in a special stage of stellar evolution, high brightness, even in the distant halo of silver can also be observed, and the location of these stars can be accurately measurement, one can measure the distance to the sun 180 thousand light-years of blue depending on the level of support to the speed of stars and location.

The team used these data, combined with the theory of the Milky Way mass distribution model of the Milky Way obtained a more accurate mass values. Xue Xiang Xiang said that a more accurate measure of research quality, the Milky Way galaxy in the distribution of invisible dark matter and galaxy formation and evolution of great significance.

To provide guidance for the study, director of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Hans – Walter Fredericks told Xinhua in e-mail interview, said the new research may mean that the Milky Way does not light, but gravity of dark matter created than originally estimated to be much less. At the same time also means that the quality of the smaller galaxy the Milky Way satellite galaxies to force the ability to rotate around its small, it can be envisaged that leads to a large and small Magellanic Cloud may not be the Milky Way’s satellite galaxies, but only just in the Milky Way is now near “passer-by.”

He said that the quality of the Milky Way than the original estimate by half, also means the creation of stars in the Milky Way efficiency measured value is much higher than in the past, because the number of stars in the Milky Way are known to have not changed, but so many stars used to produce the raw materials are “less than half.” The Milky Way this “made stars of” efficiency in comparison with other galaxies to be much higher.

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Tens of thousands of spawning broodstock in Gangcha County shaliuhe barrage stretch of 200 meters up and down the river within the multi-layered, pave a treaty 50 centimeters thick “fish” were faced with the tragic death scene Huangshui fish and fishery personnel tears. Now, seven years later, Huang River fish migration, spawning, hatching yet another season of the arrival of fish, the lifeline of Huangshui smooth it? Crisis is at hand

Since 1982, the Provincial People’s Government of Qinghai Lake has four times the implementation of Education closed lake fish, but by profit-driven, man-made trawling is still threatening the Huang River fish life. In winter, Lake Qinghai Lake after the closure, there are nets to catch those who dig the ice; summer, the Huang River fish migration season, and also took the opportunity to trawling.

Buha River is the largest in Qinghai Lake recharge rivers, but today’s buh he has no mighty momentum of the past, a lot less water, exposed stone riverbed is covered with sand. The Buha River Bridge west of the shelter, there are a few stones storing the Ranhuo point, stood next to a pile of branches did not burn the sha. In the flood of sand Liulin, but are also a few broken Rengzhuo beer bottles and beverage bottles. Bridge, a dense mass of the fish are against the current in the previous huang. See in front of all of this, we dare not imagine that every time night fell, what took place here in the future there will be what happens.

Mermaid competition for water when the

Huang River fish survival are saltwater lake in Qinghai Lake, in order to produce offspring, sexually mature (females 4 years to 5 years, male 3 years to 4 years) Huang River fish will be left in the annual Dragon Boat Festival around the Qinghai Lake, Su – flow forward, until the Tamsui River Road, to find a suitable spawning area, followed by the “home.” However, people not only to snatch the fish thrive in water, but also stopped using the dam passage of life.

In order to irrigate farmland, in 1958, Qinghai Lake farm irrigation dam built in the sand on the Liuhe. To solve the farm dam water for irrigation of arable land, it destroyed the natural spawning sites of fish Huang River. Huang River fish stimulated by reverse flow will eventually eggs gently in the water where, if the time is not ripe it will continue to move the fish swim huang, while the upstream dam stopped the river, they had gathered at the dam, until the stranded dead. This is lamentably tragedy.

Huang River fish spawning, the eggs in vitro fertilization, 6 days to 10 days after the rupture of membrane develops into a small fry, small fry will be coming back from the Tamsui River Road, Qinghai Lake, the return process is also a fish to adapt to life and start his own prey process. In the past, the river water, abundant fish of the run-length is longer, there is plenty of time to grow up in the rivers. Now, however, spent a lot of irrigation water, the dam has shortened the Huang River fish “life passage”, the small fry survival rate decreased significantly.
At 4:00 p.m. on June 3, Gangcha County, Qinghai Lake Shaliuhe around the farm irrigation dam, gathered 1 million on the Huang River fish, they have there is no alternative, only in this idle time. They are waiting for a disaster or lucky?

Huangzhong dozens of small fish Maozulejin wanted from the middle of the river crossed the dangerous section, but the illness streams washed them again and again back to the lower of the puddles. The scene attracted a lot of people who passed through here and stop to watch. When someone close to the time, awareness of the Huang River fish immediately disperse, panic swimming back and forth. A mischievous little boy picked up a stone and threw the fish preparations, fishery workers to immediately stop a child behavior. At this point, a large number of migratory fish stocks covered most of the huang river, which may be injured by a small stone or crushed the fish.

They are actually spawning fish in a small part of the Huang River. Whenever this critical juncture, in order to make these successful migratory fish spawning Huang River, the local authorities have often taken to stop the practice of irrigation, so that all runoff converged into the mainstream, because the water potential at a rush on the Huang River upstream fish should be In this rest a moment, then continued to sprint ahead. Thus, in the past the offender here is a great catch lots of fish Huang River. By the end of May, Gangcha County, the staff of Fisheries Management Authority, the establishment of monitoring points in here, 24-hour patrol.

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With clenbuterol representative “Clenbuterol” had already been introduced to China before the mass has been abroad, there have been large-scale poisoning incidents, and is prohibited in many countries.

But at that time experts in China have neglected this important message, but enthusiastic introduction. Some people out here, the need of professional research, and some people have no lack of motive.

“Clenbuterol” I must be too far spread evil. We can not but ask, is not restricted scientific research, or “clenbuterol” yes “original sin”?

We are an attempt to restore the “clenbuterol” in the history of Chinese origin in order to reflect on how to prevent similar “high tech” caused by food safety problems.

“Clenbuterol” result 70 people were poisoned in Guangzhou has become the most talked about recent food safety incidents. After the pig industry experts and practitioners to the Southern Weekend reporter pointed out that “Clenbuterol” hidden rules for the industry, some backyard farmers and large-scale farms, to encroach, the situation comparable to melamine milk powder incident.

In the regulatory and enforcement issues, a number of experts suggested that we should light behind the scenes “ideas of the people.” Ministry of Agriculture, retired experts Professor Li Meitong said: “The ideas of the people one is not pulling, such a thing never ends.” So-called “ideas person”, namely those developed Clenbuterol to marketing experts.

In view of this, the Southern Weekend reporter on domestic experts, research, dissemination, “clenbuterol” in the past conducted a survey and combed.

“Clenbuterol” (that this is referred to as clenbuterol, β-doping a) the first professor from Zhejiang University, spread out, which is almost the industry consensus. Knowledge of experts in the industry in Guangzhou, Zhejiang University, directly to the former vice president of Animal Science, doctoral tutor Zi-Rong Xu, dismissed as “academic scum.”

In this regard, Zi-Rong feel wronged.

Nearly 67-year-old Zi-Rong Xu is a renowned animal nutrition experts, award-winning countless: “The National May 1st Labor Medal”, “outstanding contribution to the national and middle-aged expert” and “advanced workers, the National Agricultural Science and Technology”, “Zhejiang Province, a significant contribution to first-class Award “,” Zhejiang Agricultural Science and Technology Award for Outstanding Contribution “and so on. At the same time, his students everywhere: train 19 doctoral, Master’s 50-plus.

However, “Clenbuterol” has become a life Cheng Gan Zi-Rong most heavy weights. In an interview with Southern Weekend, he said in an interview, because “accused engaged in a (β-) doping,” and finally no chance of China Academy of Engineering.

XU Zi-Rong that injustice has two, first of all he was not the first to engage in “Clenbuterol” research, then he did not carry out the marketing.

Ignore the side effects of early introduction of

Northeast Agricultural University graduate students enrolled in successive regarded “clenbuterol” in animal nutrition and growth effects as a dissertation at the expense of its toxic side effects and metabolism in vivo observations.

Indeed, the early introduction of who is not a Zi-Rong.

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Animal Husbandry Institute Tong Kin-ming was first introduced to the internal β-agonists. In 1987, he translated the same year published in the United States feed magazine that “the long lean pig nutrition, the allocation of new agents” of the paper, the article a reference to “Clenbuterol” – β-doping introduction, published in the “China’s animal husbandry and veterinary medicine.”

In 1988, the Sichuan Institute Jinming Chang feed summary translation of similar articles are also made in “China’s animal husbandry and veterinary surgeon”, a presentation will be synthetic β-adrenergic stimulants, such as clenbuterol (clenbuterol) and Se Mante Luo (bronchodilators) to cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry feed, you can improve the animal protein content of about 15%, reduce the fat content of about 18%.

While the effect of clenbuterol enhance lean research to agriculture and animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia College (now the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University) Animal Husbandry Department of Fu Zhong and Zhang Guohan the earliest. In 1989, their experiments found that clenbuterol hydrochloride on the carcass lean increased the role of varying degrees. They are concerned only with the drug residues in meat inside, not for the internal organs, the results did not measure the side-effects. They are related to papers published in the “pig” magazine in 1989 4. As the college-known limitations, the study of the earliest few people are concerned about.

During this period coincided with the rise in domestic living standards, consumers prefer lean meat. Especially in the southeast of the economically developed regions such as Guangdong and Shanghai. Media have openly advocated to improve the lean study.

According to Zi-Rong Xu introduction, lean pigs imported from abroad at a cost of very huge, self-nurturing generations will have to input. If directly through the feed conversion, increased lean meat percentage is undoubtedly the most convenient.

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From butterflies to the rainbow stripes colorful colorful lizards in general; from between the film can take advantage of the limbs of the squirrel to glide from one tree “fly” to another tree snake, various species of nature in order to adapt to the environment evolved out of its strange properties staggering.

Natural selection has always been regarded by scientists believe is a major factor in driving the direction of evolution, but also created one of the main biological diversity, but we are able to create this natural selection is rich and varied as nature’s only reason?

New York, Stony Brook University, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary scientists have left singular Massimo Pigg, said: “We believe that the current biology’s greatest unsolved mystery is one of the positioning of natural selection, natural selection is not in the end to promote the creation of species diversity in evolutionary direction and the only reason? perhaps unknown factors that we have been at work, I hope that this assumption will eventually become a reality, to enrich our lives in a world of deep understanding. ”

Flexible and diverse gene

Some scientists have set out a number of other possible factors that drive biological evolution. Pigg left-ki, said: “In the past two decades, scientists have begun to speculate complex biological systems (such as a living organism itself) have driven some of the attributes of the evolution of the role they and the role of natural selection together, making the original biological evolution out of the eyes, bacterial flagella, wings or shells, the characteristics of a class of strange to meet the environmental needs. ”

Here we introduce one called “significant phenotypic plasticity” concept, this phenomenon refers to the biological process of adaptation to the environment, you can change through evolutionary and flexible characteristics of a part of the body, development of new organs and tissues. But this difference is not at the gene level, for example, the bees and worker bees Bee populations where the gene is completely identical, but in the process of development of complete expression of different genes, so that has happened two kinds of Bees in behavior and signs on the considerable differences in the external environment factors, such as temperature or in the embryonic stage of its food, all contributed to the worker bees and soldier bees express different genes.

This “remarkable phenotypic plasticity,” the meaning lies in the evolutionary process can be beneficial to the shape of the genetic to the next generation, when the phenotype of genetic characteristics of continuous accumulation of time, outside of the natural environment will help eliminate a species need to adapt to the environment traits, while maintaining the descendants of those who have a competitive advantage.

The natural order of the formation of

Some researchers believe that living and non-biological systems tend to have a spontaneous order of self-formation characteristics, such self-organization of capacity is also one of the engines to promote the evolution of species, and this ability it can also be passed on to biological the next generation.

For non-biological systems for a typical example is the storm, this huge storm is absolutely not a random combination of airflow, scientific research found that the storm is a weather system with a high degree of order, all kinds of air flow in the storm in the formation of spontaneously sequence structure, together to reach an enormous destructive effect. Scientists have discovered more and more evidence that biological organisms also have similar features, their various traits are combination of spontaneous and orderly manner.

Biological orderliness of the typical example is the protein structure, we know that protein is a long string of amino acids formed in space, to reverse the winding, and its spatial structure determines the characteristics of the protein. The ever-changing characteristics of the protein because of its spatial structure can have many kinds, if the protein is only by the 100 amino acids, it forms the shape is enough to reach an astronomical figure. Shape of a protein is installed for a few seconds or minutes of time in an orderly manner, but such a conversion sequence, even if we use today are the world’s most powerful supercomputers can not be calculated because this transformation is the order of too complicated.

Nature is full of novel

Environmental factors can also change the external characteristics of animals and living habits, a phenomenon that has attracted many scientists to carry out in-depth research. For example, the U.S. cell biologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison 西恩卡罗尔 found in East Africa some of the butterflies, when in accordance with its breakthrough in the environment in which to create a different color, during the rainy season with the emergence of the butterflies are generally bright eyes, the shape of the pattern, while the emergence of the butterflies during the dry season showed the protection mentioned in a deep color.

So far, biologists from the fertilized egg to mature on biological individuals are fully aware of the development process, but in the course of their development on how environmental and genetic factors play a role is always unclear. Scientists study called redbreast of seabirds found in some of the migratory routes of birds will be different according to changes in certain biological traits.

Popular Calidris sandpipers have been locked in a cage stocking relatively cold areas of climate, when the bird’s flight muscles and some organs will shrink to reduce heat loss, the characteristics of such a change can be passed on to the next generation of Red Calidris sandpipers.

With the biology, ecology, genetics and computer science integrated development to promote the biological evolution of the various factors and their evolution in the role will become increasingly clear that, while natural selection, Darwin proposed the theory of evolution will be driven by enriched in the developing correctly.

When we understand the various driving forces of biological evolution, the next question before us then – and that is incidental factors in the process of biological evolution in the end played a role in how much? We happen to grow into what it was now the do?

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From the new course “learning to learn, learn cooperation, learn to survive, learn to do things,” ideas of education, from the growing number of students to learn vocal music, instrumental music to learn the reality of middle school teaching materials can be found, “tone” is one lesson for each link “the positioning of high and low tones and feelings, objects, high and low frequency tones associated with the various instruments, tone pitch adjustment and the positioning of … …”, the music experience with the students very closely linked. I had the students Based on experience, designed to develop knowledge of the main line, in order to increase student experience, for the purpose of teaching process.

A knowledge of the main line

The so-called knowledge of the main line is based on teaching materials to introduce students to the musical instruments from the definition of tonal characteristics of tonal changes in the process of
Knowledge leads to provide students with a learning content, while also learning to play the role of a good guide. Along the main line of this knowledge, students feel their voices heard in the music tone or the level of the beginning, followed by clarify high or low pitch sound source depends on the frequency of vibration, all kinds of vibration frequency characteristics of sound source (vocal cords, strings, air columns … …) to finally be able to understand the various types of instruments, pitch changes, tone adjustment and a simple classification instrument ( Wind, string, electric vocal percussion … …).

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From the things bicycle is the most common means of transport urban and rural areas, in the highly developed cities, bicycles are also used for fitness and leisure. Rely on forward movement then the bike is it? Some say that relying on pedal, we have a bike as a particle, pedal just to make the wheels turn, why do the forward movement of the whole bike?

In fact, when the pedal force, bicycles only they are able to move forward movement is friction work’s sake. Vehicle stagnant assume that when people force Dengju, the pedal wheel drive with the sub-rotation, and then passed through the chain to the rear wheels, the rear wheels change began to turn, when the rear tires of the next location to be relative to the ground backward movement. If a bike with no surface friction, or friction equal to zero. Then it can only rotate in place, like steam, this situation most of us have seen.

Car rear-wheel skid can not move forward when the car the same as in normal circumstances, the tires could not take place without friction between the ground, when people force Dengju, the tire should rotate, so that access locations relative to the ground back there is relative movement trends, this time, tires take place on the ground provided by the forward friction, under normal circumstances, after a bike tire ground point with the ground only in the event of relative motion between the trend does not occur relative sliding, the tires subject to the static friction force.
Front wheel in the vehicle forward in the process is a passive rolling on the ground, just like a log rolling in the same plane by the relative motion in the opposite direction with the rolling friction, that is the direction of backward rolling friction, Its role is to impede the forward movement of vehicle.

If it is just getting started, then the front wheel of the friction force F is greater than the sum of all resistance, the car did speed up the movement, in the steady state of uniform motion, then the front wheel of the friction force F is equal to the sum of all resistance.